Radojković, PhD Ivan, Assistant Professor

The topic of this paper is the analysis of voluntary pension funds in Serbia in 2022 with the emphasis on the return rate. Introduction of private voluntary pension funds together with the state pension fund is the essence of the pension system reform, and that reform process began in 2005. Generally accepted pension system is a three-pillar system, but introduction of the second pension pillar in our country will not happen anytime soon, and the question is whether it will be introduced at all. The third pillar of the pension system is voluntary and this is its greatest advantage. Voluntary pension system consists of three interconnected processes – payments to the voluntary pension fund, investment of free funds and programmed payments – pensions. In order to form a valid investment portfolio and achieve a long-term and good return from investments there must be a stable inflow into voluntary pension funds. Key words: pension system, voluntary pension funds

Usevi – plodovi nalaze se na otvorenom polju u stalnom i neposrednom dodiru s nizom prirodnih faktora ili sila čije je delovanje teško ili nemoguće unapred predvideti. Zato su usevi – plodovi često nezaštićeni i izlоžеni rаznim prirоdnim оpаsnоstimа (rizicimа) koje se javljaju svake godine s mаnjim ili vеćim intеnzitеtоm, nаnоsеći usеvimа vеlikе štеtе kоје nеkаd mоgu biti i kаtаstrоfаlnih rаzmеrа. Osigurаnjе bilјnе prоizvоdnjе јеdnо je оd nајrizičniјih оblikа оsigurаnjа sa stanovišta osiguravajućih kuća, a iz ugla osiguranika – jedna od najvažnijih vrsta osiguranja. U osiguranju useva i plodova zastupljena su određena načela nauke i tehnike osiguranja. Tehničke osnove osiguranja poljoprivrednih kultura sadržane su u uslovima i tarifi premije za osiguranje useva i plodova. Ključne reči: Osiguranje useva i plodova, uslovi osiguranja, rizici u osiguranju biljne proizvodnje, prihvat rizika u osiguranje.

Agricultural production is permanently and directly connected with a number of natural factors or forces that are difficult or impossible to predict. Crop production is most common outdoors, where crops are unprotected and exposed to various natural hazards (risks). The intensity of these hazards may be lower or higher, and at times even disastrous. Thus, for insurance companies, crop insurance is one of the riskiest forms of underwriting, whereas for the insured persons it represents one of the most important insurance lines. Accordingly, in insurance of crops and fruit, loss assessment is crucial because it is expected to ensure a realistic and objective indemnification of insured persons. Having in mind the abovementioned and numerous novelties introduced to insurance terms and conditions, this paper was produced as a result of the need to inform and meticulously explain to the insureds the methodology and manner in which the assessment of loss to crops and fruit is conducted. It is also intended to help loss adjusters with experiential knowledge acquired in the loss assessment process.

Key words: Loss assessment method, insurance of crops and fruit, risks in crop insurance.

Motor hull insurance includes all types of conventional road motor vehicles and also covers towed vehicles, special and working vehicles intended for use on land, motorcycles, rolling stock and working machines and components thereof. It represents a voluntary type of insurance governed by the terms and conditions pre-defi ned by insurance companies in accordance with the Insurance Law and the Law of Contracts and Torts. The signifi cance and purpose of the analysis lies in better understanding of motor vehicle insurance and comparison, clarifi cation and additional explanations of the terms and conditions off ered to insurance customers by diff erent insurance companies. Insurers off er diff erent coverages, diff erent insurance rates and terms that help determine the compensation after the occurrence of the insured event. Customers are often fl ooded with a large number of information they have to analyse and thus often make their choices based on rumours or vague statements, which may result in the loss of money and unexpected consequences. For the purpose of this analysis, a comparative method was used to compare and analyse motor hull insurance terms and conditions of the three most prominent domestic insurers. We intentionally chose to analyse this line of insurance since it proved to be highly dynamic both regionally and globally.

Key words: motor hull insurance, insurance off er, risk, insurance terms and conditions, insurance market.

While developed pension insurance systems function in three pillars, in Serbia, the introduction of the second pillar is postponed until more favorable conditions for its development shall have been created. The third pillar of the pension system is on a voluntary basis and functions in three related processes: payments to the voluntary pension fund, investment of available funds and scheduled payments - pensions. The stable inflow into voluntary pension funds and the predictable payments allow for the creation of a quality investment portfolio and realization of a long-term return on investments. The key to success of Serbian voluntary pension funds is building confidence of the population in this type of savings.

Key words: pension system, voluntary pension funds, financial market

In recent months, international trade has been aff ected by frauds in many fi elds, such as in trade of goods, services, investments, marine insurance, and insurance of export trade. Even though frauds in trade are not a novelty, computerisation and the Internet have contributed to the spreading of fraudulent practices. International trade is also threatened by cybercrime. Nowadays, combating all kinds of frauds has become indispensable.
This article deals with all aspects of fraud which represent an evident danger to international trade. Particular attention was paid to the fraud detection and prevention. It is indicated that in that respect, new regulations should be enacted and legal culture should be improved.

Key words: international trade, fraud, deceit, detection and prevention

Prikaz knjige : "MENADŽMENT RIZIKA I OSIGURANJE". Autori: prof. dr Veselin Avdalović i prof. dr Evica Petrović Izdavač: Univerzitet u Nišu, Ekonomski fakultet, 2011. Obim: 454 strane

Prikaz knjige : "UPRAVLJANJE RIZICIMA I OSIGURANJE". Autor: dr Ratko Vujović Izdavač: Univerzitet Singidunum, Beograd, 2009. Obim: 625 strana

Prikaz knjige : "OSIGURANJE MOTORNIH VOZILA – TENDENCIJE RAZVOJA". Autor: dr Milan Cerović Izdavač: Privredna akademija – Pravni fakultet u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad, 2012. Obim: 394 strane

Climate change has already happened. Further climate changes will be inevitable for the decades to come, notably due to the fact that gas emissions have not been curtailed. A large number of researches have easily identified its consequences on human health, particularly the impact of extreme weather events. However, general long-term consequences are less predictable.
The society at large meets new challenges in terms of finding possibilities to adjust technical and socio-economic systems to the global climate changes and to further prevent enhanced anthropogenic greenhouse effect.
Financial sector, particularly insurance industry, are susceptible to the impacts of global climate change and thus, they need to develop proper legislation in order to adjust.

Serbian pension system is facing a serious crisis. The concept of current pension funding, along with the extremely unfavourable ratio between the number of employed and the number of pensioners, significant unemployment and adverse business conditions pose a great financial burden on the employed population. Modern pension insurance systems are three-pillar systems, however the introduction of the second pillar in our country shall wait for better days.
The third pillar of the pension system is based on voluntariness. Thus, the pension system functions in three interrelated processes: payments to voluntary pension funds, investment of unemployed assets, and finally scheduled payments - pensions. Stability of voluntary pension funds inflow and payment predictability ensure building of a quality investment portfolio and realisation of a long-term return on investment.
Enhancing trust of citizens in this saving method is a key to success of Serbian voluntary pension funds.